Pediculosis pubis (pubic lice infestation) is a commonly acquired sexually transmitted disease. The pubic louse, Phthirus pubis, is structurally different from the body or head louse and can easily be distinguished. Patients complain of itching and often note pinpoint drops of blood in their undergarments. This is caused by small amounts of bleeding after the pubic lice feed. These lice have specialized arms that allow them to climb around the entire human body, and they may be seen at any location. They have a tendency to affect the eyelashes and eyebrows. This is important to look for clinically, to appropriately treat all affected regions.
Pediculosis corporis (body lice infestation) is commonly seen in homeless individuals and in those with poor hygiene. Historically, body lice have been associated with epidemics during times of war, because close contact for extended periods leads to easy transfer from one host to another. The body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, is indistinguishable from the head louse on inspection with the naked eye. Entomologists trained in differentiating the species are capable of discerning the two. Body lice live on the clothing and leave it to feast on human blood. Patients present with multiple pruritic, red to pink, excoriated papules anywhere on the body. On inspection of the skin, one typically will not find lice. It is only with close inspection of the clothing or bedding material that the infestation becomes apparent. Hundreds to thousands of lice may be present on the clothing, particularly in small hiding spaces such as the seams. Along with the lice, many eggs and larvae may be seen.
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