A

Acne scars, injectable filler techniques for, 488

LIS for, 434, 436

PMMA for, 437, 439–440, 444

atrophic, 437, 442–443

injection procedure and technique for, 443

needle advancement for, 443

patient selection and consultation for, 442

photography for, 442

pivotal study of, 441–442

skin testing for, 442–443

ADATO Sil-Ol-5000 silicone oil, 434, 437

Adverse effects/events, of collagen stimulators, 465, 467–468

of fillers, 447–458

for jawline augmentation, 493–494

for midface and malar augmentation, 492

for temporal augmentation and rejuvenation, 490–491

granulomas as, 450–452

infection as, 449–450

introduction to, 447–448

key points of, 447

management of common, 451

poor cosmetic results as, 448–450

presentation of common, 451

prevention of, 425, 453–454

vascular occlusion as, 451–454

with HA filler, 430

with illegal fillers, 454–456

with synthetic injectables, 436–437, 440–443

Aesthetic outcomes, of filler injections, for jawline augmentation, planned, 493

for lower face enhancement, 474

for midface and malar augmentation, 493

planned, 492

for temporal augmentation and rejuvenation, 491–492

planned, 489

of fillers, facial feature changes as, 481

poor, 448–450

responsibility for, 476

Aesthetics companies, battle for provider attention, 419–420

Age/aging, facial, as three-dimensional process, 459, 461–463, 471, 479

cheek complex in, 484–485

hyaluronic acid distribution and, 424, 427

lip restoration for, 483

skin laxity and, 481

Allergic response, to HA fillers, 424–426, 430

American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), soft tissue filler statistics of, 459, 463

Angular artery, as vascular occlusion danger zone, with fillers, 452, 454

Animal sources, of hyaluronic acid, 425–426

Anterograde arterial occlusion, as filler complication, 451–454

Anteromedial cheek region, in midface and malar augmentation, 491–492

Anticoagulants, filler complications related to, 448–449

Antioxidants, for HA filler degradation prevention, 425

Antiviral activity, of hyaluronic acid, 424, 430

Areas of face. See Facial areas.

Arnica montana, for minimizing bruising, with fillers, 449

Artefill, as filler, 418, 433, 437. See also Bellafill .

Arterial occlusions, as filler complication, 451–454

Asymmetries, of NLF, injectable filler technique for, 481–482

Atrophic acne scars, PMMA for, 437, 442–443

Augmentation, facial. See Soft tissue augmentation; specific anatomy or procedure.

hand, collagen stimulators for, 460, 463–465

injectable filler techniques for, 487–488

Autoimmune diseases, hyaluronic acid production and, 424

B

Bacterial infections, fillers and, 449–450

Bellafill, as injectable filler, 433, 437–443, 448

discussion on, 443

for acne scars, 437, 439–442

atrophic, 437, 442–443

for nasolabial folds, 437–441

mechanism of action, 437

overview of, 437, 443–444

product information on, 437–440

Belotero, as HA filler, 425–426, 451

Biochemistry, of HA fillers, 424

Biocompatibility, bioengineering definition of, 460–461, 480

Bioengineering, with collagen stimulators, 459–461

Biofilms, filler complications related to, 450, 454, 480

BioForm, in filler market, injector confidence with, 420

regulation of, 418

Biomechanical properties, of HA fillers, 429–430

Biomedical applications, early, of HA fillers, 423–424

Blindness, as filler complication, 451–453

Bone remodeling/resorption, facial, with aging, 461, 463, 471, 483

Botulinum toxin type A, for forehead and brow enhancement, 472–473

Brow enhancement, customized, 471–473

injectable filler techniques for, 487

Bruising. See Ecchymosis .

B

Bacterial infections, fillers and, 449–450

Bellafill, as injectable filler, 433, 437–443, 448

discussion on, 443

for acne scars, 437, 439–442

atrophic, 437, 442–443

for nasolabial folds, 437–441

mechanism of action, 437

overview of, 437, 443–444

product information on, 437–440

Belotero, as HA filler, 425–426, 451

Biochemistry, of HA fillers, 424

Biocompatibility, bioengineering definition of, 460–461, 480

Bioengineering, with collagen stimulators, 459–461

Biofilms, filler complications related to, 450, 454, 480

BioForm, in filler market, injector confidence with, 420

regulation of, 418

Biomechanical properties, of HA fillers, 429–430

Biomedical applications, early, of HA fillers, 423–424

Blindness, as filler complication, 451–453

Bone remodeling/resorption, facial, with aging, 461, 463, 471, 483

Botulinum toxin type A, for forehead and brow enhancement, 472–473

Brow enhancement, customized, 471–473

injectable filler techniques for, 487

Bruising. See Ecchymosis .

C

Calcium hydroxyl apatite (CaHA), as collagen stimulator, 459–469 . See also Radiesse .

biocompatibility components of, 460–461

choice factors of, 480

for neck, chest, and hand rejuvenation, 487–488

for NLF correction, 482

introduction to, 459–461

key points of, 459

mechanism of action, 460–461, 480

patient positioning for, 461–462

placement precautions for, 461

postprocedural care for, 468

potential complications of, 465, 467–468

preoperative planning and preparation for, 461–463

procedural approach to, 462–468

for cheek and chin augmentation, 462–465, 476, 485

PLLA vs., 465–468

rehabilitation and recovery for, 468

summary overview of, 469

Cannulas, for collagen stimulators placement, 463–464, 468

for filler placement, 454

in forehead and brow enhancement, 472, 486, 488

in nasolabial folds, 449

Captique, as HA filler, 426–427

Carcinomas, hyaluronic acid production and, 424

Cheek augmentation, collagen stimulators for, caHA as, 462–465

PLLA vs., 465–468

customized, 476

fat compartment aging and, 461–462

injectable filler techniques for, 484–485

skeleton aging and, 461, 463, 471

skin redundancy and, 482

Cheek subregions, in midface and malar augmentation, 485, 491–492

Chest rejuvenation, collagen stimulators for, 465

injectable filler techniques for, 487–488

Chin augmentation, collagen stimulators for, caHA as, 462–465

PLLA vs., 465–468

customized, 473–474, 476

fat compartment aging and, 461–462

skeleton aging and, 461, 463, 471

Classification, of injectable fillers, 434

Clinical data, on LIS, for facial soft tissue augmentation, 435–436

on PMMA, for acne scars, 441–442

for NLFs, 439–441

Clinical outcomes. See Aesthetic outcomes.

Clinical trials, of fillers, 418

synthetic injectables as, 433–434, 437, 441–442

Collagen, HA fillers effect on, 424, 427–429

in filler market, evolution of, 417

HA fillers vs., 425

regulation of, 418

Collagen stimulators, 459–469

biocompatibility components of, 460–461

introduction to, 459–461

key points of, 459

mechanism of action, 460–461

patient positioning for, 461–462

placement precautions for, 461

postprocedural care for, 468

potential complications of, 465, 467–468

preoperative planning and preparation for, 461–463

procedural approach to, 462–468

PLLA in, 465–468

Radiesse for cheek and chin augmentation, 462–465

rehabilitation and recovery for, 468

summary overview of, 469

Complications, of fillers, 447–458 . See also Adverse effects/events.

Confidence, of physicians, with filler injections, 420, 487

Consolidation, of filler market, 420

Consultations, on fillers, 419–420

for acne scars, 442

Contour depressions, traumatic, injectable filler techniques for, 488

Cosmederm, in filler market evolution, 417

Cosmetic fillers. See Fillers.

Cosmoplast, in filler market evolution, 417

Cost of research, on fillers, 418

Cross-hatching technique, for décolleté rejuvenation, 465

for jawline correction, 486

for lower eyelid correction, 487

for marionette line correction, 482–483

for NLF correction, 482

for prejowl sulcus correction, 484

for submalar hollowing, 485

Cross-linking agents, for HA fillers, 425–426, 480

Cross-linking density, of HA fillers, 425–427

Cupid’s bow, in lip restoration, 483

in lower face enhancement, 474–476

D

Décolleté rejuvenation, collagen stimulators for, 465

injectable filler techniques for, 487–488

Degradation, of HA filler, prevention of, 425

Depot injections, of collagen stimulators, 463–465

Dermal fillers, other, HA fillers vs., 425, 427

Dermal Gel Extra, as HA filler, 425–426

Differential effect claims, of fillers, 418

Dorsal nasal artery, as vascular occlusion danger zone, with fillers, 452, 454

E

Ecchymosis, as filler complication, 448–449

HA fillers and, 430

in eyelid correction, 487

in temporal augmentation and rejuvenation, 491

LIS and, 436–437

livido vs., 451, 453

minimizing, 449

Edema, as filler complication, 448–449

Elastic storage shear modulus (G’), collagen stimulators and, 460

HA fillers and, 425–426, 429–430, 473

Elevess, as HA filler, 426

Embolia cutis medicamentosa, 451

Embolization, as filler complication, 451–455, 486

Energy devices, fillers combined with, 421, 479

Enhancement, facial, customized approach to, 471–477 . See also Facial enhancement.

Enhancement claims, of fillers, 418–419

European Union (EU), filler market regulation in, 418

Excision, surgical, of silicone nodules, 455–456

Extracellular matrix, HA naturally found in, 424

Eyelid correction, injectable filler techniques for, lower, 486–487

upper, 487

F

Facelift, liquid, 481

Facial areas, new, for injectable fillers, 421

subregions of, in cheek and chin augmentation, 461–463, 465, 484

in midface and malar augmentation, 484–485, 491–492

thirds, enhancement approaches to, 471

lower, 473–476

midface, 471

top, 471–473

Facial enhancement, customized approach to, 471–477 . See also specific anatomy or procedure.

introduction to, 471

key points of, 471

of lower face, 473–476

of midface, 473

of top third of face, 471–473

summary overview of, 476

Facial fat, aging changes of, 461–462

customized enhancement of, 472–473, 481

Facial features, changing with fillers, 481

Facial fillers. See Fillers.

Facial muscles, toxin injection points and, 471–473

Facial rejuvenation, collagen stimulators for, 459–469 . See also Collagen stimulators.

customized approach to, 471–477 . See also Facial enhancement.

filler injections for, 481. See also Injectable fillers.

temporal, 489–492. See also Temporal rejuvenation.

Facial skeleton, aging changes of, 461, 463, 471

Fanning technique, for marionette line correction, 482–483

for NLF correction, 482

for prejowl sulcus correction, 484

for submalar hollowing, 485

Fat compartments/pads, facial, aging changes of, 461–462

cheek complex in, 484–485

customized enhancement of, 472–473, 481

skin laxity and, 481

Fat injections, as filler, 453

FDA. See Food and Drug Administration (FDA), US.

Fibroblasts, granulomas and, 450

HA fillers effect on, 424, 427–429

Fibroplasia, PLLA and, 460

Filler injection. See also Injectable fillers.

case for, 433–445

current concepts in, 489–494

industry perspectives on, 420–421

Filler market, evolution of, 417–419

in US vs.. EU, 418–419

injectables in. See Injectable fillers.

Fillers, choice of, 419–420, 480–481

collagen stimulators vs., 459–469 . See also Collagen stimulators.

complications of, 447–458

granulomas as, 450–452

infection as, 449–450

introduction to, 447–448

key points of, 447

poor cosmetic results as, 448–450

prevention of, 425, 453–454

vascular occlusion as, 451–454

with HA filler, 430

with illegal fillers, 454–456

with synthetic injectables, 436–437, 440–443

hyaluronic acid as, 423–432 . See also Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers.

ideal characteristics of, 424, 429, 437

illegal, 434

complications of, 454–456

industry perspectives on, 417–421

battle for attention to, office staff touch points in, 419–420

physician touch points in, 419–420

reception area as first impression, 419

consolidation of, 420

future developments in, 420–421

injectors/injection in, new areas for, 421

new materials for, 421

new ways of, 420–421

provider confidence for, 420, 487

key points of, 417

market evolution of, 417–419, 433

patient selection influences in, 420

office staff as, 419–420

perspectives of, 480–481

regulatory drivers of, 418–419

summary overview of, 421

US vs.. EU markets in, 418–419

injectables as. See also Injectable fillers.

case for, 433–445

current concepts in, 489–494

industry perspectives on, 420–421

techniques for, 479–488

mechanical properties of, testing for, 429

reversible, 421, 427, 447

Focal points, midface, in midface and malar augmentation, with filler injection, 491–492

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), US, approval of fillers, 447, 480–481

collagen stimulators as, 459–460

facial subregions defined by, 491–492, 494

HA as, 423–424, 430

synthetic injectables as, 433–434, 437, 439

filler market regulation by, 418, 433

Forehead enhancement, customized, 471–473

Foreign body granuloma, as filler complication, 450–451

Free radicals, HA filler degradation by, 425

Freudenthal-Nicolau syndrome, 451