A

Allograft(s)

in static rehabilitation of paralyzed midface, 31

Antiviral agents

in Bell’s palsy management, 7

Autologous tissue grafts

in static rehabilitation of paralyzed midface, 30

B

Bell’s palsy, 1–10

anatomy of facial nerve in, 1–2

causes of, 2

diagnosis of, 2–6

facial assessment in, 3

differential diagnosis of, 4

incidence of, 2

introduction, 1

management of, 6–8

antiviral agents in, 7

corticosteroids in, 6–7

long-term, 8

outcomes of, 7

physical therapy in, 7

surgical decompression in, 6

synkinesis following, 8

Botulinum toxin

in facial paralysis management, 11–20

contralateral normal side

asymmetry-related, 17

future directions in, 18

introduction, 11–12

neuromodulator injection with, 15–16

NMR with, 13–15

options in, 13–17

patient evaluation prior to, 12–13

risks associated with, 17

B

Bell’s palsy, 1–10

anatomy of facial nerve in, 1–2

causes of, 2

diagnosis of, 2–6

facial assessment in, 3

differential diagnosis of, 4

incidence of, 2

introduction, 1

management of, 6–8

antiviral agents in, 7

corticosteroids in, 6–7

long-term, 8

outcomes of, 7

physical therapy in, 7

surgical decompression in, 6

synkinesis following, 8

Botulinum toxin

in facial paralysis management, 11–20

contralateral normal side

asymmetry-related, 17

future directions in, 18

introduction, 11–12

neuromodulator injection with, 15–16

NMR with, 13–15

options in, 13–17

patient evaluation prior to, 12–13

risks associated with, 17

C

Corticosteroid(s)

in Bell’s palsy management, 6–7

E

Eye(s)

in facial paralysis

assessment of, 22–23

management of, 21–28

anatomy related to, 23–25

introduction, 21–22

lower eyelid tightening, 26–27

operative technique, 25

surgical indications, 23

upper eyelid loading, 25–26

Eyelid(s)

lower

tightening of

in facial paralysis management, 26–27

upper

loading

in facial paralysis management, 25–26

F

Facial nerve

anatomy of, 1–2

Facial paralysis, 1–10 . See also Bell’s palsy

consequences of, 21–22

correction of, 29–35

alternative therapies in, 17–18

botulinum toxin in, 11–20 ( See also Botulinum toxin, in facial paralysis management)

eye management in, 21–28 ( See also Eye(s), in facial paralysis, management of)

future directions in, 18

gracilis free flap in, 47–60 ( See also Gracilis free flap)

introduction, 29–30

midface

static rehabilitation, 30–31

nerve repair in, 72–81 ( See also Facial reanimation, components of)

sternohyoid flap in, 61–69 ( See also Sternohyoid flap, for facial reanimation)

surgical techniques in, 29–35

introduction, 29–30

percutaneous suture–based slings, 32–34

rhytidectomy, 31

static suspension sling, 31–32

differential diagnosis of, 4

introduction, 1

nerve anatomy related to, 72

nerve injury process in, 71–72

smile restoration after

temporal MTU transfer in, 37–45 ( See also Temporalis muscle tendon unit (MTU) transfer, for smile restoration after facial paralysis)

Facial reanimation, 71–84

components of

babysitter and cross-facial nerve grafting, 77–78

hypoglossal-facial nerve, 75–76

masseteric-facial nerve, 76–77

motor vs. sensory donor nerve graft, 74

nerve graft polarity effects, 74

nerve substitution, 75

nonbiologic conduits, 74–75

primary suture repair, 72–74

variations in nerve substitution procedures, 78–81

correction of

emerging technologies in, 81–82

described, 71

introduction, 71

Facial slings

static, 29–35 ( See also Static facial slings)

Flap(s)

in facial paralysis correction ( See specific types )