The skin is composed of epithelial layers (epidermis) and the dermis. Below the skin are the subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle (Fig. 1.1).
a, ba Structure of the skin:1. Subpapillary vascular plexus2. Dermal vascular plexus3. Subdermal vascular plexus4. Segmental vascular plexus.b Composition of free skin grafts.
Random pattern flaps derive their blood supply from the dermal and subdermal plexus (Fig. 1.2). The ratio of flap length to flap width in the face is approximately 2:1.
Random pattern skin flap for facial use has an approximately 2:1 ratio of length to width. A special type is the subcutaneous pedicle flap (Barron et al. 1965; Lejour 1972; see Figs. 5.44and 5.45).
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