Materials and Instrumentation

Leen M. de Zeeuw and Oliver Scheunemann

Introduction

The predominant aim of a manufacturer of osteosynthesis systems is to satisfy the aspirations of clinicians. The clinical challenges that physicians face nowadays in traumatology and reconstructive surgery require solutions that can only be achieved by innovation, extensive experience, and cutting-edge vision. Continuous dialogue and intensive collaboration between scientists and clinicians on the one hand, and the use of highly advanced manufacturing technology on the other, have always been necessary. Commercially available osteosynthesis systems exist in a variety of designs, materials, and mechanical properties (KLS Martin, Lorenz, Medartis, Medicon, Osteomed, Stryker Leibinger, Synthes, etc.)—it is the surgeon’schoice which to use. Here, the different osteosynthesis systems manufactured by KLS Martin are discussed as general examples.

The Miniplate Osteosynthesis System was developed and modified by Champy and his coworkers (1975; 1976; 1977; 1978; Champy, 1983; 1986; Champy and Blez, 1992). The system based on miniplates (1 mm thickness, 2–9mm length, Fig. 6.1) and miniscrews (2.0 mm diameter, 5–19 mm length, Fig. 6.2) was the point of origin for all today’s miniplate systems. This system is made to satisfy the philosophy and aims of Champy and his colleagues, which means that the materials and instruments are manufactured to the highest standards.

Materials

Titanium and stainless steel are used in the manufacture of plates and screws of implant quality. To maintain consistently high levels of quality, all plates, screws, and instruments are subject to certificated international standards of control, with regard to both raw materials and laboratory standards. Quality is further assured by highly automated production methods. These processes guarantee the metallurgical standards for the composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the articles produced.

Osteosynthesis systems are basically available in two materials: titanium (pure titanium and titanium alloys) and stainless steel, both of implant standard (relevant standards are ASTM F 139/DIN 17443, ASTM F 67/DIN 17850, and ASTM F 136/DIN 17851). Traditionally, stainless steel has been used widely as an implant material, but in maxillofacial surgery since the 1980s it has been substituted by titanium, owing to the latter’sgreater biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.