Low risk
Breast biopsy or excision
Bronchoscopy
Cystoscopy
Dermatologic procedure
Endoscopy
Hysteroscopy
Ophthalmologic operation
Outpatient procedure
Intermediate risk
Abdominal or thoracic operation (uncomplicated)
Carotid endarterectomy
Head and neck procedure (uncomplicated)
Orthopedic procedure
Prostate operation
Urologic procedure
High risk
Aortic or main vascular operation
Cardiac surgery
Emergency procedure
Extended surgery time (>4 h)
Major thoracic surgery
Peripheral arterial vascular operation
Table 13.2
Suggested preoperative discontinuation time and half-lives of immunomodulatory therapy for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis (reproduced from Choi et al. 2016)
Immunomodulatory medication | Half-life | Suggested preoperative discontinuation period |
---|---|---|
Adalimumab | 14–19 days | 8–11 weeks |
Certolizumab pegol | 14 days | 8 weeks |
Cyclosporine | 8 h | 1.5 days |
Etanercept | 3–5 days | 2–3 weeks |
Golimumab
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