Country
Author(s) of published data
Observation period
Prevalence per million population
Australia
O’Connor [2]
1997
681
Finland (Helsinki)
Dahlberg [3]
1999
280
Norway (Hordaland and Sogn og Flordane)
Hagen [4]
2002
365
Iran (Tehran)
Rahimi-Movaghar [5]
2008
440
Canada
Rick Hansen SCI Register [6]
2010
1,184
USA
Cahill [7]
May 2008–August 2008
4,187
1.2 Incidence of Traumatic SCI
A global-incident rate is estimated at 23 TSCI cases per million (179,312 cases per annum) in 2007 [1]. Regional data are available from North America (40 per million), Western Europe (16 per million) and Australia (15 per million). Extrapolated regional data are available for Asia-Central (25 per million), Asia-South (21 per million), Caribbean (19 per million), Latin America, Andean (19 per million), Latin America, Central (24 per million), Latin America-Southern (25 per million), Sub-Saharan Africa-Central (29 per million), Sub-Saharan Africa-East (21 per million).
The most representative incidence statistic for each country within WHO global regions is presented in Table 1.2, along with available etiology data, level of injure and survival rate.
Table 1.2
Incidence, neurological level and aetiology of TSCI by Region and Author(s) of published data
Country or region | Author(s) | Observation period | Incidence per million population per year | Neurological level of injury | Aetiology of SCI | Survival | Comments | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tetraplegia % | Paraplegia % | 1-year mortality | 10-year mortality | ||||||
China (Tianjin) | Ning [8] | 2004–2008 | 23.7 (n = 869; males, n = 738, females, n = 131) | 72 % | 28 % | Land transport (34 %, n = 296), falls (57 %, n = 495), sports/recreation (0.2 %, n = 2), violence (1.4 %, n = 12), work-related (0.8 %, n = 7) and other/unknown (6.5 %, n = 57) | 1.4 % (n = 12) | All deaths occurred during hospitalization, patients had cervical TSCI. Among the 12 patients, 42 % (n = 5) were 60 years or older, 10 were males and 11 died of respiratory failure | |
China (Beijing) | Li [9] | 2002 | 60.6 est. (n = 1,079; n = 264; males, n = 198, females, n = 66) | 5 % | 95 % | Land transport (22 %, n = 59), falls (41 %, n = 109), sports/recreation (1 %, n = 3), violence (0.4 %, n = 1) and other/unknown (35.6 %, n = 94) | |||
China Taiwan | Chen [10] | 1992–1996 | 18.8 (n = 1,232; males, n = 958, females, n = 274) (Age group 15–64 years) | 43 % | 57 % | Land transport (49 %, n = 609), falls (41 %, n = 500), sports/recreation (1 %, n = 16), violence (2 %, n = 25) and other/unknown (7 % n = 82) | 6 % (n = 73) | Of those who died in hospital, 40 died of respiratory failure, 22 of associated injuries, 7 died of complications (renal failure, pressure sore, gastrointestinal bleeding) and 3 committed suicide | |
China Taiwan | Chen [10] | 1992–1996 | 47.5 (Geriatric population, n = 297; males, n = 186, females, n = 111) (Age group 65-and above years) | 54 % | 45 % | Land transport (33 %, n = 97), falls (62 %, n = 185), sports/recreation (0.3 %%, n = 1), violence (2 % n = 5) and other/unknown (2.7 % n = 9) | 11 % (n = 33) | Of the 33 elderly patients who died in hospital, 17 died of respiratory failure, 12 of complications and 3 committed suicide | |
Australia | Norton [11] | 2007–2008 | 15.0 (Age-standardised); (n = 285; males, n = 249, females, n = 45) | 53 % | 47 % | Land transport (46 %, n = 130), falls (28 %, n = 81), sports/recreation (13 %, n = 37) and other/unknown (13 %, n = 37) | |||
Norway (Hordaland and Sogn og Flordane) | Hagen [4] | 1952–2001 |
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