Bony Adaptation of the Proximal Humerus and Glenoid Correlate Within the Throwing Shoulder of Professional Baseball Pitchers

Wyland DJ, Pill SG, Shanley E, et al (Colorado Rockies Baseball Club spring training facility, Scottsdale, AZ) Am J Sports Med 40:1858-1862, 2012^§

Abstract

Background

Elite throwing athletes have increased proximal humeral retrotorsion (HRT) and glenoid retroversion (GRV) in their throwing shoulders compared with their nonthrowing shoulders. These adaptive morphologic changes are thought to be independently protective against shoulder injury; however, their relationship to each other is poorly understood.

Purpose

To determine if an association exists between HRT and GRV within the same shoulders of professional pitchers.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods

The HRT and GRV measurements were determined using published techniques in asymptomatic bilateral shoulders of 32 professional pitchers (mean age, 23 years). Three measurements for each variable were averaged, and the reliability of the techniques was verified. The relationship between HRT and GRV within the same shoulders was determined with Pearson correlation coefficients. Paired t

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