© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Robert A Norman and Reena RupaniClinical Cases in Integrative DermatologyClinical Cases in Dermatology410.1007/978-3-319-10244-3_1313. A 66-Year-Old Man Presented to the Office Asking for Evaluation of a Lesion on His Nose
(1)
Dermatology Healthcare, Tampa, FL, USA
(2)
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
Case Presentation
A 66-year-old man presented to the office asking for evaluation of a lesion on his nose. The patient explained that the lesion had been present for over a year, had a history of bleeding and then scabbing over, and had grown slightly in size. Upon visual inspection, the lesion appeared as a smooth pearly pink papule with telangiectatic vessels. The patient had not had any prior treatment for the lesion. His past medical history was significant for sunburns as a child as well as extensive sun exposure as a retired construction worker.
Differential Diagnosis
1.
Nodular basal cell carcinoma
2.
Actinic keratosis
3.
Fibrous papule
4.
Molluscum contagiosum
Diagnosis
Nodular basal cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis can serve as precursors to squamous cell carcinomas, appearing as flat, pink lesions that feel like sandpaper. This patient’s lesion is raised and smooth with visible vessels. A fibrous papule is a benign lesion which usually develops late in adolescence or early adult life on the nose. It can be differentiated from a basal cell carcinoma because it does not have a tendency to grow in size, bleed, or ulcerate. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection of the skin that usually occurs in children and presents as round, firm, painless bumps. Unlike this lesion, molluscum tends to occur in groups and usually clears in 12–18 months without treatment. Ultimately, the definitive diagnosis for this patient’s lesion will be histological analysis of a biopsy sample.
Discussion
Overview
Two major types of nonmelanocytic skin tumors exist: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
BCCs have a lower tendency to metastasize than SCCs. Nevertheless, if left untreated, they can advance by direct extension and destroy the entire side of the face or invade tissue into the bone and brain. Both BCCs and SCCs are more common in men than women, and caucasians have a 30 % lifetime risk of developing a BCC and a 9–14 % (men) or 4–9 % (women) lifetime risk of developing a SCC. Patients with a history of BCC are at a higher risk of developing more lesions with approximately 40 % developing a subsequent lesion in less than 5 years.
Risk factors for developing both BCCs and SCCs include living close to the equator, UV light exposure, indoor tanning, history of sunburns, and having fair skin and light eyes. Although UV light exposure is the most important cause of BCC, one third of BCCs emerge in areas that are protected from the sun. For SCCs, immunocompromised patients are at greater risk. For example, renal transplant patients have a 253-fold higher risk of SCC [1–4].

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